Date: Tuesday 6 June 2006
Subj: Zimbabwe: Government interference escalates
To: World Evangelical Alliance Religious Liberty News & Analysis
From: WEA RLC Principal Researcher and Writer, Elizabeth Kendal.
Over recent years, the Mugabe regime has introduced several measures to silence dissent. Quite apart from open police brutality, measures like the Non-Governmental Organisations Bill 2004 (NGO Bill, see link 1) and the draconian Public Order and Security Act (POSA, which provides the police with wide-ranging powers to control or ban public gatherings of three or more persons) have enabled the Mugabe regime to crush or silence dissent, close doors and obstruct channels of communication and aid. These laws have had a devastating effect upon the Church's ability to deliver humanitarian aid and engage in human rights, justice and freedom issues.
The POSA was recently used to ban a prayer procession organised by a united Christian forum called "Churches in Bulawayo", on the grounds that the police deemed it a security risk. In their statement to the press Churches in Bulawayo expressed serious concern that the police would deny them the right to hold a prayer procession. They regard this as a serious infringement of their freedom to worship.
UPHOLDING THE BIBLICAL MANDATE
On 23 May 2005 a wave of demolitions heralded the commencement of Robert Mugabe's "Operation Murambatsvina". It is estimated that some 300,000 homes were demolished by the "Mugabe Tsunami" – a man-made disaster that left some 1.5 million homeless and destitute. Several people including small children were crushed in the dwellings they called "home". Many other victims died from the consequences of poverty combined with homelessness, such as starving or freezing to death. Still others died prematurely from illnesses simply because the medical missions and NGOs that served the poor were likewise not spared (Link 2).
Operation Murambatsvina left Zimbabwe's churches facing what appeared to be an insurmountable volume of human suffering. However, one great blessing did arise from the ashes of Murambatsvina. Christians long divided by difference found unity in their conviction that they must uphold the Biblical mandate to defend the poor and needy, and that they can do it best if they do it together. Operation Murambatsvina gave life and purpose to a powerful movement of practical church unity. Churches in Bulawayo is one such church alliance. According to its 16 May 2006 press release, "Churches in Bulawayo sheltered over 2000 families at the height of Murambatsvina and have continued to provide food assistance as well as medical help and payment of school fees for displaced children."
Churches in Bulawayo organised a prayer procession for 20 May 2006 to commemorate Operation Murambatsvina and pray for its victims. "Sokwanele" Civil Action Support Group reports, "This event was but one of the several organized across the country by the Zimbabwe Christian Alliance, an informal ecumenical alliance seeking a united Christian response to the current crisis. The objective - shared by many civic groups including Crisis in Zimbabwe - was to focus attention on the plight of victims of ZANU PF's purge of the poor, one year on from the nationwide campaign of destruction which saw hundreds of thousands rendered homeless and destitute." (Link 3)
Church leaders in Bulawayo consulted the police about their intention to hold a prayer procession. They did this as a courtesy, not because they were obliged to, as events that have "bona fide religious purposes" are exempt from the POSA. The police initially granted the churches clearance. However, they soon made an about turn and withdrew permission saying the procession would be a security risk. The Churches in Bulawayo press release explains, "What has frightened the police is that thousands of Bulawayo residents are intending to take part in the procession."
After withdrawing permission for the prayer procession, police then moved to intimidate the pastors into submission. The Churches in Bulawayo press release explains: "Since yesterday [Monday 15 May] junior police officers have been calling individual clerics to interrogate and intimidate them to cancel the procession. But this morning, Tuesday, about 30 senior security officers in Bulawayo who are members of the Joint Operations Command – that is composed of police, army and Central Intelligence Organisation – summoned the leadership of Churches in Bulawayo to a two-hour interrogation session."
The Bulawayo pastors however, being consumed with conviction that they must obey the Biblical mandate – "Speak up and judge fairly; defend the rights of the poor and needy" (Proverbs 31:9) – were not easily intimidated. Instead, they challenged the police ban in the Bulawayo High Court. Lawyers for the Zimbabwe Christian Alliance argued that the police ban was an "infringement of our freedom to worship" and it demonstrated "the desperate position of this regime". Late in the evening of Friday 19 May, the High Court ruled in favour of the pastors, saying that the churches had the legal right to hold a prayer procession. (Link 4)
Sokwanele's report is entitled, "More steel in the men of God: Despite police threats the Church goes ahead with Commemoration," and it explains what happened next. "The organizers of most of the other commemorative events planned for this weekend [20-21 May] eventually succumbed to police pressure to call them off. Not so the pastors who lead Churches in Bulawayo." (Link 3)
PRAYER PROCESSION
On Saturday 20 May 06, in defiance of Mugabe's police, Churches in Bulawayo led some 300 very courageous believers in a prayer procession. Everyone who participated did so with the knowledge that, in the words of Rev. Promise Mnceda, ". . .the likelihood of arrests and beatings is very high." (Reuters 19 May)
The prayer procession commenced at St Patrick's Church in Makokoba, Bulawayo's oldest township. From there the band of believers walked into the city singing "Nkosi Sikeleli Africa" (a famous African anthem) and hymns and choruses. Sokwanele reports that the singing attracted "the friendly attention of passers-by". Police and CIO officers lined the route, but the day passed without incident. When the procession reached its destination at the Brethren in Christ Church in the city, those taking part settled down outside to listen to speeches, songs and a poem written especially for the event. Messages of solidarity were read from supporters such as Zimbabwean Archbishop Pius Ncube (unable to attend) and British-based TEAR Fund. (Link 5)
Sokwanele concludes: "For many of the unfortunate victims of Operation Murambatsvina and hundreds of internally displaced persons the Church has become their only refuge and security in a turbulent time of deep crisis. They are grateful, and we as a nation should be profoundly grateful that the Church is there for them. That the Church is taking up its divine mandate, not only to care for the victims of the most gross human rights abuses but also to challenge and confront the arrogant tyranny responsible, is a cause for general rejoicing."
Rejoice – yes! But don't forget, these church leaders are facing perilous times. By the time the next church event rolls around the Bulawayo High Court will doubtless have a new judge (see Institute for War and Peace Reporting: "Mugabe Moulds Pliant Judiciary", link 6).
PERSECUTION BY PROXY
But the suffering of Zimbabwe has not produced a turning point for the churches so much as it has produced a watershed, and not all church leaders are falling down the same side of the mountain. Churches in Zimbabwe are splitting and polarising over the issue of how to respond to the Mugabe regime. Groups like the Churches of Bulawayo and the Zimbabwe Christian Alliance advocate solidarity for the purpose of upholding the Biblical mandate of Proverbs 31:9. Others however believe that preaching salvation without engagement in political issues must be the sole focus of the church.
Others still are discovering that allegiance to Mugabe can be very profitable, both in terms of promotion and material reward. Church leaders driven by greed, power-lust and pride rather than a heart for God's kingdom and glory – and such leaders are found in every nation – enjoy symbiotic relationships with the Mugabe regime. This enables Mugabe to interfere directly in church affairs and persecute "troublesome" clerics via proxies: bishops who have exchanged the Biblical mandate for a dictator's rewards.
Most notable is the case of the Anglican Bishop of Harare, Nolbert Kunonga, who not only accepted the gift of St Marnock's Farm in Nyabiri (someone else's land) as a token of personal gratitude from Robert Mugabe, but he also used Zanu PF militia to evict the 40 families of farm workers living in the farm village. Further more it has been alleged that Kunonga used his influence with the ruling party to secure the post of bishop of Harare.
In August 2005 Kunonga appeared before the Provincial Court of the Anglican Church of Central Africa (an ecclesiastical court) to face 38 charges, including incitement to murder, intimidating critics, preaching racial hatred, and mishandling church funds. In December 2005 the court hearing collapsed without explanation and all charges were dropped. Many suspect Zanu PF interference.
Twelve priests have left the parish since Kunonga became bishop, ten of whom live in exile, claiming to have fled persecution. According to the Reverend Paul Gwese who fled Zimbabwe last September, ". . Reverend Nolbert Kunonga, . . .has terrorised Christians, and . . is turning his diocese into a religious branch of Mugabe's ruling ZANU PF party." The exiled clerics recently observed a day of prayer and then unanimously agreed to approach Ugandan-born John Sentamu, Britain's first black archbishop, for help. (Link 7)
Elizabeth Kendal
Links
1) Zimbabwe: The NGO Bill and the Church. 20 January 2005
2) Zimbabwe: urban renewal or social engineering?
-- Operation Murambasvina, 4 July 2005
3) More steel in the men of God: Despite police threats the Church goes ahead with Commemoration. Saturday, 20 May 2006
http://www.sokwanele.com/thisiszimbabwe/archives/415
4) Churches in court fight for 'prayer marches'
By Jane Fields, Harare, 19 May 2006
http://news.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=743752006
AND
Bulawayo high court upholds churches' legal right to march
By Tererai Karimakwend,. 20 May 2006 http://www.swradioafrica.com/news190506/churchmarch200506.htm
5) Bulawayo churches defy Zimbabwe protest ban. 22 May 2006
http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/content/news_syndication/article_060522zimb.shtml
AND
'We Remember': A Poem written In Honor of the Victims of Murambatsvina. By Dumisani O. Nkomo http://www.sokwanele.com/thisiszimbabwe/?cat=37
6) Mugabe Moulds Pliant Judiciary.
By Hativagone Mushonga in Harare, 31 May 2006
http://www.iwpr.net/?p=acr&s=f&o=321302&apc_state=henh
7) Shameful silence on Nolbert Kunonga, Anglican Bishop of Harare
5 January 2006 http://www.sokwanele.com/thisiszimbabwe/archives/334
AND
Zimbabwean clerics to seek help from Archbishop of York. 27 May 2006 http://www.zimbabwejournalists.com/story.php?art_id=465&cat=2
Tuesday, June 6, 2006
Friday, May 26, 2006
Nepal: Hindutva forces rally against Nepal's reforms
Date: Friday 26 May 2006
Subj: Nepal: Hindutva forces rally against Nepal's reforms
To: World Evangelical Alliance Religious Liberty News & Analysis
From: WEA RLC Principal Researcher and Writer, Elizabeth Kendal.
Nepal's 1990 Constitution describes the country as a Hindu state. But on 18 May 2006 Nepal's new parliament declared that Nepal will no longer be a Hindu Kingdom but will now be a secular state. While jurists and lawyers raise questions regarding the legal and constitutional status of the proclamation, ethnic and religious minorities are rejoicing, believing it should bring an end to all manner of religious discrimination and persecution.
Asia News reports: "Religious and ethnic minorities in Nepal have voiced their satisfaction about a historic parliament resolution declaring the country to be a 'secular state'." (Link 1)
Robert Gurung, a member of the "Good Hope" Pentecostal Church, told Asia News that he regarded the resolution as "revolutionary and democratic". Gurung believes the move will "ensure justice among the different religious, cultural, ethnic and linguistic minorities in the country." Gurung continued: "With the advent of the 1990 Constitution, minorities had started breathing some freedom to profess and live their faith and culture. However, the fact the country was defined as a Hindu state by the Constitution imposed particular restrictions on religious minorities, including Christian ones."
Pasang Sherpa, secretary-general of the Confederation of Indigenous and Ethnic Groups of Nepal said, "With this resolution, parliament is moving towards justice, pluralism and harmony. In a democracy, minorities cannot be marginalized. Nepal is starting a new chapter now. We welcome the decision as minorities are exploited in a state that rules on the basis of a certain religion." (Links 1 & 2)
Sociologist Dr Krishna Bahadur Bhattachan, told Nepalnews, "All religious communities – except some Hindus who were misusing state fund in the name of Hinduism – have hailed the decision, as now onwards there will be equality among all religions." (Link 3)
According to Nepalnews, the book "Towards a Democratic Nepal" by scholar Mahendra Lawoti (published 2005), "argues that the source of racism and sexism in the (1990) constitution of Nepal is the declaration of the state as Hindu. Articles 11.2 and 11.3 state that the Constitution is against discrimination based on religion, yet, Article 4 explicitly declared Nepal as a Hindu state. 'The declaration of the state as Hindu provides sustenance and support to the discriminating traditions and values and contributes in the continuation of the social and legal discriminations,' Lawoti wrote."
Dr Bhattachan adds that since all major political forces in the country were in favour of secularism, it should also help bring an end to the Maoist insurgency. Nepalnews explains that the CPN (Maoist), comprising mostly dalit and ethnic minorities who suffer under high-caste Hindu repression, have always advocated for a secular state.
Dr Bhattachan however, notes there will be a need for firm implementation: "The declaration should be implemented properly and there should not be discrimination in the name of religion. If some people try to protest the decision, people will punish them."
And it does appear that the transition from Hindu State to secular democracy will not be smooth or peaceful. The new parliament may find that by opening the gates to liberty and equality it is also opening Pandora's Box. Only a broad-based strong commitment to the principles of secular democracy, supported by rule of law, will keep Nepal on track as pressure against the move is already mounting. After all, as Sushil Shashank, a scholar of tribal culture, noted to Asia News, the hegemony of the Hindu religion has weighed heavy on the psyche of the population for more than two decades. "A State religion means dominion of a culture, of a language and of some castes…" (Link 1)
While ethnic and religious minorities are rejoicing and hopeful, those who were the beneficiaries of Hindu dominance and hegemony may be less welcoming of change.
HINDU RHETORIC RISES
– IN NEPAL
Not long after Nepal's new House of Representatives (HoR) passed the resolution to declare Nepal a secular democracy, the Hindu rhetoric to start to rise – both in Nepal and in neighbouring India.
The Times of India reports: "Nepal parliament's proclamation declaring the world's only Hindu Kingdom as a secular state has evoked a mixed response with the majority Hindu groups saying the decision has hurt the community. 'The decision of the so-called Parliament has hurt the faith of the 900 million Hindu populace across the globe and brought about possibilities of a religious crusade in Nepal,' Shiv Sena Nepal President Arun Subedi said." Arjun Lamichhane of the Bishwo Hindu Youth Federation also expressed his hostility to the resolution. (Link 2)
Nepalnews reports: "In a bid to appease minorities, the seven party alliance is likely to end up offending the Hindu majority. … the proclamation of the HoR to declare Nepal a secular country is likely to ruffle many feathers over the long period of time." (Link 3)
Furious Hindu leaders are accusing the Seven Party Alliance of betraying the country and acting illegally. Nepalnews reports, "Bharat Keshar Simha, chairman of World Hindu Federation (WHF) [and close aide of King Gyanendra], said that the decision was illegal and a conspiracy against the country. 'If political parties are convinced that the state should be declared secular, they should have courage to go for a referendum and get people's mandate rather than making a proclamation in an illegal way,' he added.
"Simha further said that WHF would organize various protest programmes against the decision and would also take to the street to protest what he called the 'unconstitutional declaration' of the House of Representatives."
Chintamani Yogi, Principal of Hindu Vidyapeeth—Nepal (HVP-N) cautioned Nepalnews that the parliament's decision to declare Nepal as a secular state could provide the motivation for regressive forces to unite under the banner of Hinduism and politicised religion.
"Yogi further cautioned that Missionary activities could flare up in the days to come in the aftermath of Nepal being declared a secular state and age-old harmony among various religious groups within the country could be endangered." (Link 3)
Swami Dhruba – Kathmandu-based Hindu preacher told Nepalnews that "various Hindu groups were currently holding meetings and were in direct touch with Hindu religious leaders of India to chart out future strategies. 'We will not remain silent and [will] continue to expose the policy of appeasement,' he warned." (Link 3)
– IN INDIA
Disapproval of the resolution is also coming from the Sangh Parivar (body of Hindu nationalists) in India. Hindustan Times reported on 19 May that in India the BJP was reacting strongly against the resolution of Nepal's new HoR. "Thousands of activists, belonging to the BJP and its allies, took out a march in Sonauli, Thoothibari of Maharajganj district to express their anger at the decision of Parliament. National president of the World Hindu Federation (India Wing) and BJP MP Yogi Adityanath led the march.
"Adityanath directed the party activists to launch a movement against the decision of the Nepalese Parliament. The procession passed through various routes and raised slogans against the Nepalese Government. The Hindu Yuva Vahini, the Hindu Mahasabha and other organisations supported the march.
"Strongly condemning the decision of the Nepalese Parliament Adityanath said that it was a deep-rooted conspiracy of international force. Adityanath said that whenever Nepal would be secular state, the security of India would come under threat…" (Link 4)
Former BJP leader, Bharatiya Janshakti, expressed the same sentiments, claiming that the resolution to turn Nepal into a secular state would encourage Hindu fundamentalists to increase their stronghold there, creating security and stability concerns in Nepal and for India. (Link 5)
The RSS and VHP both have huge stakes in Nepal with affiliates such as the Hindu Swayamsewak Sangh and so are maintaining a stoic silence in order to placate Nepalese authorities and protect their interests. The RSS has however, asked the Hindus of Nepal to maintain eternal vigilance to protect their religious identity. RSS General Secretary Mohan Bhagwat said in the Sangh first comments on the proclamation, "The constitutional recognition of Nepal as a Hindu nation was symbolic of its ancient traditions and culture. This identity was so far safe under the Constitution. But now the people of Nepal will have to maintain eternal vigilance to safeguard it." (Link 6)
PROTESTORS HIT THE STREETS
On Monday 22 May some 5000 Hindus took to the streets in Nepal's southern town of Birgunj, about 150 km (90 miles) south of Kathmandu, to denounce the parliament's resolution to turn Nepal into a secular state. The rallies were organised by activists from the World Hindu Federation (WHF) and Shiv Sena Nepal. The protestors blocked the Tribhuvan highway on the Bara-Parsa industrial belt near the Indian border. Shouting "Jay Shree Ram!" (Lord Ram is great!), they burnt tyres, logs, and newspapers that supported the resolution. They forced shops to close and vehicles off the street.
Observers are concerned that protests could turn violent, especially if incited by Hindutva forces. In fact, in what has tones of a threat, the WHF has warned that the protests could lead to riots. Likewise, Chintamani Yogi, principal of Hindu Vidyapeeth, has warned that the harmonious co-existence of several religions in Nepal could be in danger. (Link 7)
Elizabeth Kendal
Links
1) Nepal is secular state: minorities happy
by Prakash Dubey. 22 May, 2006 NEPAL
http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=6227
2) Hindus criticise Nepal's secular status. 20 May 2006
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1539923.cms
3) 'Secular Nepal' finds itself in the eye of controversy
By Pratibedan Baidya. 24 May 2006
http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/2006/others/feature/may/news_feature07.php
4) BJP, allies protest Nepal decision
Hindustan Times. 19 May 2006. HT Correspondent, Gorakhpur.
http://peacejournalism.com/ReadArticle.asp?ArticleID=8846
5) Secular Nepal no good for India: Uma
http://www.chennaionline.com
6) Secular Nepal: RSS avoids direct criticism
NEW DELHI, 20 MAY 2006 (PTI)
http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=386352
7) Hindu ultras shut down Nepal's industry hub. 24 May 2006
http://www.newkerala.com/news2.php?action=fullnews&id=64529
ALSO
Nepalis protest over secular moves. Reuters. 24 May 2006
http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/B315115.htm
Subj: Nepal: Hindutva forces rally against Nepal's reforms
To: World Evangelical Alliance Religious Liberty News & Analysis
From: WEA RLC Principal Researcher and Writer, Elizabeth Kendal.
Nepal's 1990 Constitution describes the country as a Hindu state. But on 18 May 2006 Nepal's new parliament declared that Nepal will no longer be a Hindu Kingdom but will now be a secular state. While jurists and lawyers raise questions regarding the legal and constitutional status of the proclamation, ethnic and religious minorities are rejoicing, believing it should bring an end to all manner of religious discrimination and persecution.
Asia News reports: "Religious and ethnic minorities in Nepal have voiced their satisfaction about a historic parliament resolution declaring the country to be a 'secular state'." (Link 1)
Robert Gurung, a member of the "Good Hope" Pentecostal Church, told Asia News that he regarded the resolution as "revolutionary and democratic". Gurung believes the move will "ensure justice among the different religious, cultural, ethnic and linguistic minorities in the country." Gurung continued: "With the advent of the 1990 Constitution, minorities had started breathing some freedom to profess and live their faith and culture. However, the fact the country was defined as a Hindu state by the Constitution imposed particular restrictions on religious minorities, including Christian ones."
Pasang Sherpa, secretary-general of the Confederation of Indigenous and Ethnic Groups of Nepal said, "With this resolution, parliament is moving towards justice, pluralism and harmony. In a democracy, minorities cannot be marginalized. Nepal is starting a new chapter now. We welcome the decision as minorities are exploited in a state that rules on the basis of a certain religion." (Links 1 & 2)
Sociologist Dr Krishna Bahadur Bhattachan, told Nepalnews, "All religious communities – except some Hindus who were misusing state fund in the name of Hinduism – have hailed the decision, as now onwards there will be equality among all religions." (Link 3)
According to Nepalnews, the book "Towards a Democratic Nepal" by scholar Mahendra Lawoti (published 2005), "argues that the source of racism and sexism in the (1990) constitution of Nepal is the declaration of the state as Hindu. Articles 11.2 and 11.3 state that the Constitution is against discrimination based on religion, yet, Article 4 explicitly declared Nepal as a Hindu state. 'The declaration of the state as Hindu provides sustenance and support to the discriminating traditions and values and contributes in the continuation of the social and legal discriminations,' Lawoti wrote."
Dr Bhattachan adds that since all major political forces in the country were in favour of secularism, it should also help bring an end to the Maoist insurgency. Nepalnews explains that the CPN (Maoist), comprising mostly dalit and ethnic minorities who suffer under high-caste Hindu repression, have always advocated for a secular state.
Dr Bhattachan however, notes there will be a need for firm implementation: "The declaration should be implemented properly and there should not be discrimination in the name of religion. If some people try to protest the decision, people will punish them."
And it does appear that the transition from Hindu State to secular democracy will not be smooth or peaceful. The new parliament may find that by opening the gates to liberty and equality it is also opening Pandora's Box. Only a broad-based strong commitment to the principles of secular democracy, supported by rule of law, will keep Nepal on track as pressure against the move is already mounting. After all, as Sushil Shashank, a scholar of tribal culture, noted to Asia News, the hegemony of the Hindu religion has weighed heavy on the psyche of the population for more than two decades. "A State religion means dominion of a culture, of a language and of some castes…" (Link 1)
While ethnic and religious minorities are rejoicing and hopeful, those who were the beneficiaries of Hindu dominance and hegemony may be less welcoming of change.
HINDU RHETORIC RISES
– IN NEPAL
Not long after Nepal's new House of Representatives (HoR) passed the resolution to declare Nepal a secular democracy, the Hindu rhetoric to start to rise – both in Nepal and in neighbouring India.
The Times of India reports: "Nepal parliament's proclamation declaring the world's only Hindu Kingdom as a secular state has evoked a mixed response with the majority Hindu groups saying the decision has hurt the community. 'The decision of the so-called Parliament has hurt the faith of the 900 million Hindu populace across the globe and brought about possibilities of a religious crusade in Nepal,' Shiv Sena Nepal President Arun Subedi said." Arjun Lamichhane of the Bishwo Hindu Youth Federation also expressed his hostility to the resolution. (Link 2)
Nepalnews reports: "In a bid to appease minorities, the seven party alliance is likely to end up offending the Hindu majority. … the proclamation of the HoR to declare Nepal a secular country is likely to ruffle many feathers over the long period of time." (Link 3)
Furious Hindu leaders are accusing the Seven Party Alliance of betraying the country and acting illegally. Nepalnews reports, "Bharat Keshar Simha, chairman of World Hindu Federation (WHF) [and close aide of King Gyanendra], said that the decision was illegal and a conspiracy against the country. 'If political parties are convinced that the state should be declared secular, they should have courage to go for a referendum and get people's mandate rather than making a proclamation in an illegal way,' he added.
"Simha further said that WHF would organize various protest programmes against the decision and would also take to the street to protest what he called the 'unconstitutional declaration' of the House of Representatives."
Chintamani Yogi, Principal of Hindu Vidyapeeth—Nepal (HVP-N) cautioned Nepalnews that the parliament's decision to declare Nepal as a secular state could provide the motivation for regressive forces to unite under the banner of Hinduism and politicised religion.
"Yogi further cautioned that Missionary activities could flare up in the days to come in the aftermath of Nepal being declared a secular state and age-old harmony among various religious groups within the country could be endangered." (Link 3)
Swami Dhruba – Kathmandu-based Hindu preacher told Nepalnews that "various Hindu groups were currently holding meetings and were in direct touch with Hindu religious leaders of India to chart out future strategies. 'We will not remain silent and [will] continue to expose the policy of appeasement,' he warned." (Link 3)
– IN INDIA
Disapproval of the resolution is also coming from the Sangh Parivar (body of Hindu nationalists) in India. Hindustan Times reported on 19 May that in India the BJP was reacting strongly against the resolution of Nepal's new HoR. "Thousands of activists, belonging to the BJP and its allies, took out a march in Sonauli, Thoothibari of Maharajganj district to express their anger at the decision of Parliament. National president of the World Hindu Federation (India Wing) and BJP MP Yogi Adityanath led the march.
"Adityanath directed the party activists to launch a movement against the decision of the Nepalese Parliament. The procession passed through various routes and raised slogans against the Nepalese Government. The Hindu Yuva Vahini, the Hindu Mahasabha and other organisations supported the march.
"Strongly condemning the decision of the Nepalese Parliament Adityanath said that it was a deep-rooted conspiracy of international force. Adityanath said that whenever Nepal would be secular state, the security of India would come under threat…" (Link 4)
Former BJP leader, Bharatiya Janshakti, expressed the same sentiments, claiming that the resolution to turn Nepal into a secular state would encourage Hindu fundamentalists to increase their stronghold there, creating security and stability concerns in Nepal and for India. (Link 5)
The RSS and VHP both have huge stakes in Nepal with affiliates such as the Hindu Swayamsewak Sangh and so are maintaining a stoic silence in order to placate Nepalese authorities and protect their interests. The RSS has however, asked the Hindus of Nepal to maintain eternal vigilance to protect their religious identity. RSS General Secretary Mohan Bhagwat said in the Sangh first comments on the proclamation, "The constitutional recognition of Nepal as a Hindu nation was symbolic of its ancient traditions and culture. This identity was so far safe under the Constitution. But now the people of Nepal will have to maintain eternal vigilance to safeguard it." (Link 6)
PROTESTORS HIT THE STREETS
On Monday 22 May some 5000 Hindus took to the streets in Nepal's southern town of Birgunj, about 150 km (90 miles) south of Kathmandu, to denounce the parliament's resolution to turn Nepal into a secular state. The rallies were organised by activists from the World Hindu Federation (WHF) and Shiv Sena Nepal. The protestors blocked the Tribhuvan highway on the Bara-Parsa industrial belt near the Indian border. Shouting "Jay Shree Ram!" (Lord Ram is great!), they burnt tyres, logs, and newspapers that supported the resolution. They forced shops to close and vehicles off the street.
Observers are concerned that protests could turn violent, especially if incited by Hindutva forces. In fact, in what has tones of a threat, the WHF has warned that the protests could lead to riots. Likewise, Chintamani Yogi, principal of Hindu Vidyapeeth, has warned that the harmonious co-existence of several religions in Nepal could be in danger. (Link 7)
Elizabeth Kendal
Links
1) Nepal is secular state: minorities happy
by Prakash Dubey. 22 May, 2006 NEPAL
http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=6227
2) Hindus criticise Nepal's secular status. 20 May 2006
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1539923.cms
3) 'Secular Nepal' finds itself in the eye of controversy
By Pratibedan Baidya. 24 May 2006
http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/2006/others/feature/may/news_feature07.php
4) BJP, allies protest Nepal decision
Hindustan Times. 19 May 2006. HT Correspondent, Gorakhpur.
http://peacejournalism.com/ReadArticle.asp?ArticleID=8846
5) Secular Nepal no good for India: Uma
http://www.chennaionline.com
6) Secular Nepal: RSS avoids direct criticism
NEW DELHI, 20 MAY 2006 (PTI)
http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=386352
7) Hindu ultras shut down Nepal's industry hub. 24 May 2006
http://www.newkerala.com/news2.php?action=fullnews&id=64529
ALSO
Nepalis protest over secular moves. Reuters. 24 May 2006
http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/B315115.htm
Friday, April 7, 2006
Afghanistan: Christians face escalating threat
Date: Friday 7 April 2006
Subj: Afghanistan: Christians face escalating threat
To: World Evangelical Alliance Religious Liberty News & Analysis
From: WEA RLC Principal Researcher and Writer, Elizabeth Kendal.
----------------------------------------------
AFGHANISTAN: CHRISTIANS FACE ESCALATING THREAT
----------------------------------------------
In light of the apostasy case against Abdul Rahman, German publication Der Spiegel published an excellent article on Christianity in Afghanistan. Written by Matthias Gebauer in Kabul, this article entitled, "A Community of Faith and Fear", dissolves the fantasy and exposes the reality of life for Christians in Afghanistan. Gebauer interviews Afghan Christian Hashim Kabar (not his real name) who says, "We must recognize that freedom of religion, as promised by the Afghan constitution, does not exist. But maybe it's good that the international community is now aware of that."
Der Spiegel notes that when the Taliban came to power in the mid-1990s, its "Supreme Leader Mullah Omar ordered his men to raze churches to the ground, to lynch Afghan Christians and to kill or drive out foreigners who followed Jesus Christ". (This is a curious claim from Spiegel considering Afghanistan did not have even a single church when the Taliban came to power. See RLP 216)
This posting contends that the recent apostasy debacle and a resurgent Taliban are about to make the situation for Afghan Christians much worse.
As the Der Spiegel article concludes: "Even though Afghanistan has dismissed its case against Abdul Rahman, this is a cold comfort for Kabar. He and his friends fear that anger among Islamists over Rahman's release could spur them to take matters into their hands and act even more brutally toward converts. 'Abdul Rahman's release is a good thing,' he says. 'But the international community needs to keep its eyes open.'
"According to Kabar, the worst thing would be if the resolution of the case leaves the impression that everything is now OK for converts living in Afghanistan. If that happens, he says, the case would have done more harm than good. 'We are going to stand by our faith,' he adds on parting. 'Any kind of support would help us a lot.'" (Link 1)
APOSTASY DEBACLE INFLAMES PASSIONS AND DISSENSION
For many Afghanis, the apostasy case against Abdul Rahman became a debacle. On Wednesday 29 March 06, Afghanistan's Wolesi Jirga (lower chamber of parliament) had a two-hour debate concerning Abdul Rahman’s release from Kabul's high security Pul-e-Charki prison. The MPs voted unanimously that the Supreme Court's decision to release Rahman was "contrary to the laws in place in Afghanistan". They not only demanded that the Court provide an explanation, but they insisted that Abdul Rahman not be permitted to leave the country. The MPs sent a letter to Afghanistan's Interior Minister to that effect. However, Abdul Rahman was already on his way to refuge in Italy. (Link 2)
While President Karzai defended the release of Abdul Rahman, Chief Justice Fazl Hadi Shinwari complained that Islamic laws were being ignored in Afghanistan and some government officials were not upholding Islamic values. The Taliban issued a statement that claimed the release of Rahman was a conspiracy masterminded by foreign forces. The statement called on the mullahs and judges to admit that they have sold themselves as servants of infidels. It claimed the conspiracy aimed to "assure other recalcitrants that they are no longer in danger and no one in Islam can punish them.
"The Afghan nation will not be deceived with such schemes and inshallah (God willing) such plots will be neutralized."
"We condemn this crime of the puppet administration. We ask our Muslim brothers to take their position against this offence by the enemies of Islam and to act, based on their responsibility to their religion and God, and to start jihad against Karzai's administration." (Link 3)
APOSTASY DEBACLE EFFECTS TWO BATTLES
While Abdul Rahman has found refuge in Italy, the apostasy case, or in particular the way in which the case was resolved (or circumvented), has lit a fuse in Afghanistan at a time when all the ingredients are present to fuel a massive explosion.
Most significantly, the Rahman apostasy debacle has inflamed Islamic passions and anti-West, anti-government anger at the same time as the Taliban, after several years of training in Iraq, is launching its Spring offensive against the Allied "enemy invaders" in Afghanistan and their "puppets": the US-backed administration of President Karzai and the Afghan police that serve that administration.
Secondly, the Rahman apostasy debacle has inflamed Islamic passions and anti-West, anti-government anger just ahead of a battle for control of Afghanistan's Supreme Court. This battle between reformists and Islamic hardliners is being waged in Afghanistan's parliament. The parliamentary debate on President Karzai's new cabinet began on Monday 3 April and will continue for another week yet before a secret ballot. Significant opposition to President Karzai's nominations would greatly undermine his authority.
After that the parliament will debate President Karzai's nine nominations for the Supreme Court bench. As the Financial Times reports, "Western governments have pushed Mr Karzai to change the line-up of the Supreme Court, which functions not only as the court of final appeal but also interprets the constitution and appoints all judges." As one Western diplomat noted, "'...if we don't get a professional and clean court passed by parliament, it will imperil reform at every level'. It is unclear when MPs will vote on the issue, but diplomats say the controversy over Mr Rahman's case has clearly raised the stakes of the debate." (Link 4)
FOR AFGHANIS, THE ISSUE IS SOVEREIGNTY
Most Afghanis do not accept the concept of religious liberty as a fundamental human right. They feel humiliated and outraged that Western interference in the Rahman case has, in their eyes, caused Afghanistan’s sovereignty to be violated. Resentful Afghanis will doubtless be keen to demonstrate that they do not wish to be dictated to by the West on any issue, especially issues pertaining to their religion.
For many Afghanis, Afghanistan's sovereignty is now intrinsically linked to Afghanistan's "right" as a sovereign Islamic nation to implement Sharia and deal with apostates and infidels as Afghanis see fit: to execute them in accordance with Sharia. For many Afghanis the apostasy debacle will also confirm the Taliban charge that President Karzai's administration is un-Islamic and a mere "puppet" of Western "foreign enemy forces". This heightening of Islamic nationalist zeal will aid both Taliban recruitment and anti-Karzai Islamist political forces.
A worst-case scenario could see angry Afghanis, provoked by Islamist, Taliban or al Qaeda forces, zealously acting to purge Afghanistan of Christians as a defiant exercise of sovereignty. Afghan Christians could be facing extremely dangerous times ahead.
RESURGENT TALIBAN
Stratfor Intelligence commented on 5 January 2006 that the increase in suicide bombings in Afghanistan during 2005 (a method not normally favoured by Pashtuns) and the use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs: a weapon not previously used in Afghanistan) indicated that Afghanistan was receiving an influx of foreign, predominantly Arab, jihadists.
According to Stratfor, deputy al Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri had said the jihad in Afghanistan should not be neglected for the benefit of the jihad in Iraq. Stratfor reports, "since summer [June/July] 2005, an increasing number of foreign fighters have been brought into Afghanistan from safe locations along the Pakistani border."
Not only is al Qaeda facilitating the entry of Arab jihadis into Afghanistan, but according to a report written by Syed Saleem Shahzad for Adnkronos International (AKI), the Taliban are sending Afghan jihadis to Iraq for training with al Qaeda affiliated groups.
According to AKI, at the end of 2003 Taliban leader and founder, Mullah Muhammed Omar, sent another Taliban leader, Mullah Mehmood Allah Haq Yar, to Iraq where he spent several months learning the techniques of urban guerrilla warfare. In 2004 Haq Yar started training groups within the Taliban to employ the techniques that have been successful in creating Allied casualties in Iraq. This resulted in fewer Taliban casualties and more Taliban success. Then from 2004 through 2005 around 500 Taliban fighters were sent to Iraq for training with the Islamic Army of Iraq as well as Ansar al-Sunna. Particular attention has been given to the latest techniques for use against the US-led forces' high-tech deterrence capabilities.
So the Taliban is launching its 2006 Spring offensive with new strength and confidence. They have been trained in guerrilla warfare, in strategy, and in how to build IEDs, lay mines, and spy on targets. According to AKI, "...up to 100 'death squads' are ready to launch targeted attacks in the Taliban's spring offence." (Link 5)
According to reports, the past month has seen a profound Taliban resurgence. During 2005 the Taliban staged 17 suicide attacks. There have 12 such attacks so far this year.
Following the strategy of terrorists in Iraq, the Taliban are targeting Afghan police. (Link 6)
Security for Christians in Afghanistan has always been difficult and tentative. But it is feared that 2006 could see the situation deteriorate markedly as the humiliating, infuriating apostasy debacle – coming as it does hot on the heels of the Guantanamo Bay Qur'an desecration myth riots of May 2005, and the recent Cartoon Intifada riots of February 2006 – ignites a passionate and defiant resurgence of political Islam in the presence of a resurgent Taliban.
Elizabeth Kendal
Links
1) A Community of Faith and Fear
By Matthias Gebauer in Kabul 30 March 2006
http://service.spiegel.de/cache/international/0,1518,408781,00.html
2) Convert must not flee country: Wolesi Jirga
KABUL, Mar 29 (Pajhwok Afghan News)
http://www.pajhwok.com/viewstory.asp?lng=eng&id=15737
3) Taliban condemns release of Christian convert, calls for jihad
AFP. Thursday, 30 March 2006
http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1021007
ALSO
Taliban condemn convert's release, urge people to strongly react.
30 March 2006, IRNA
http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-16/0603302142194635.htm
4) Convert case threatens Afghan reforms
by Rachel Morarjee in Kabul. 6 April 2006
http://news.ft.com/cms/s/4b2f1296-c4ff-11da-b7c1-0000779e2340.html
5) Taliban trained in Iraq ahead of Spring offensive.
Karachi 13 March 2006 (AKI) - by Syed Saleem Shahzad http://www.adnki.com/index_2Level_English.php?cat=Security&loid=8.0.275042512&par=0
6) Karzai puppet policemen were killed
Kavkaz Centre (Islamist) 4 April 2006
http://kavkazcenter.com/eng/content/2006/04/04/4570.shtml
ALSO
Nine cops killed in Taliban attack. 3 April 2006
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C04%5C03%5Cstory_3-4-2006_pg7_5
Subj: Afghanistan: Christians face escalating threat
To: World Evangelical Alliance Religious Liberty News & Analysis
From: WEA RLC Principal Researcher and Writer, Elizabeth Kendal.
----------------------------------------------
AFGHANISTAN: CHRISTIANS FACE ESCALATING THREAT
----------------------------------------------
In light of the apostasy case against Abdul Rahman, German publication Der Spiegel published an excellent article on Christianity in Afghanistan. Written by Matthias Gebauer in Kabul, this article entitled, "A Community of Faith and Fear", dissolves the fantasy and exposes the reality of life for Christians in Afghanistan. Gebauer interviews Afghan Christian Hashim Kabar (not his real name) who says, "We must recognize that freedom of religion, as promised by the Afghan constitution, does not exist. But maybe it's good that the international community is now aware of that."
Der Spiegel notes that when the Taliban came to power in the mid-1990s, its "Supreme Leader Mullah Omar ordered his men to raze churches to the ground, to lynch Afghan Christians and to kill or drive out foreigners who followed Jesus Christ". (This is a curious claim from Spiegel considering Afghanistan did not have even a single church when the Taliban came to power. See RLP 216)
This posting contends that the recent apostasy debacle and a resurgent Taliban are about to make the situation for Afghan Christians much worse.
As the Der Spiegel article concludes: "Even though Afghanistan has dismissed its case against Abdul Rahman, this is a cold comfort for Kabar. He and his friends fear that anger among Islamists over Rahman's release could spur them to take matters into their hands and act even more brutally toward converts. 'Abdul Rahman's release is a good thing,' he says. 'But the international community needs to keep its eyes open.'
"According to Kabar, the worst thing would be if the resolution of the case leaves the impression that everything is now OK for converts living in Afghanistan. If that happens, he says, the case would have done more harm than good. 'We are going to stand by our faith,' he adds on parting. 'Any kind of support would help us a lot.'" (Link 1)
APOSTASY DEBACLE INFLAMES PASSIONS AND DISSENSION
For many Afghanis, the apostasy case against Abdul Rahman became a debacle. On Wednesday 29 March 06, Afghanistan's Wolesi Jirga (lower chamber of parliament) had a two-hour debate concerning Abdul Rahman’s release from Kabul's high security Pul-e-Charki prison. The MPs voted unanimously that the Supreme Court's decision to release Rahman was "contrary to the laws in place in Afghanistan". They not only demanded that the Court provide an explanation, but they insisted that Abdul Rahman not be permitted to leave the country. The MPs sent a letter to Afghanistan's Interior Minister to that effect. However, Abdul Rahman was already on his way to refuge in Italy. (Link 2)
While President Karzai defended the release of Abdul Rahman, Chief Justice Fazl Hadi Shinwari complained that Islamic laws were being ignored in Afghanistan and some government officials were not upholding Islamic values. The Taliban issued a statement that claimed the release of Rahman was a conspiracy masterminded by foreign forces. The statement called on the mullahs and judges to admit that they have sold themselves as servants of infidels. It claimed the conspiracy aimed to "assure other recalcitrants that they are no longer in danger and no one in Islam can punish them.
"The Afghan nation will not be deceived with such schemes and inshallah (God willing) such plots will be neutralized."
"We condemn this crime of the puppet administration. We ask our Muslim brothers to take their position against this offence by the enemies of Islam and to act, based on their responsibility to their religion and God, and to start jihad against Karzai's administration." (Link 3)
APOSTASY DEBACLE EFFECTS TWO BATTLES
While Abdul Rahman has found refuge in Italy, the apostasy case, or in particular the way in which the case was resolved (or circumvented), has lit a fuse in Afghanistan at a time when all the ingredients are present to fuel a massive explosion.
Most significantly, the Rahman apostasy debacle has inflamed Islamic passions and anti-West, anti-government anger at the same time as the Taliban, after several years of training in Iraq, is launching its Spring offensive against the Allied "enemy invaders" in Afghanistan and their "puppets": the US-backed administration of President Karzai and the Afghan police that serve that administration.
Secondly, the Rahman apostasy debacle has inflamed Islamic passions and anti-West, anti-government anger just ahead of a battle for control of Afghanistan's Supreme Court. This battle between reformists and Islamic hardliners is being waged in Afghanistan's parliament. The parliamentary debate on President Karzai's new cabinet began on Monday 3 April and will continue for another week yet before a secret ballot. Significant opposition to President Karzai's nominations would greatly undermine his authority.
After that the parliament will debate President Karzai's nine nominations for the Supreme Court bench. As the Financial Times reports, "Western governments have pushed Mr Karzai to change the line-up of the Supreme Court, which functions not only as the court of final appeal but also interprets the constitution and appoints all judges." As one Western diplomat noted, "'...if we don't get a professional and clean court passed by parliament, it will imperil reform at every level'. It is unclear when MPs will vote on the issue, but diplomats say the controversy over Mr Rahman's case has clearly raised the stakes of the debate." (Link 4)
FOR AFGHANIS, THE ISSUE IS SOVEREIGNTY
Most Afghanis do not accept the concept of religious liberty as a fundamental human right. They feel humiliated and outraged that Western interference in the Rahman case has, in their eyes, caused Afghanistan’s sovereignty to be violated. Resentful Afghanis will doubtless be keen to demonstrate that they do not wish to be dictated to by the West on any issue, especially issues pertaining to their religion.
For many Afghanis, Afghanistan's sovereignty is now intrinsically linked to Afghanistan's "right" as a sovereign Islamic nation to implement Sharia and deal with apostates and infidels as Afghanis see fit: to execute them in accordance with Sharia. For many Afghanis the apostasy debacle will also confirm the Taliban charge that President Karzai's administration is un-Islamic and a mere "puppet" of Western "foreign enemy forces". This heightening of Islamic nationalist zeal will aid both Taliban recruitment and anti-Karzai Islamist political forces.
A worst-case scenario could see angry Afghanis, provoked by Islamist, Taliban or al Qaeda forces, zealously acting to purge Afghanistan of Christians as a defiant exercise of sovereignty. Afghan Christians could be facing extremely dangerous times ahead.
RESURGENT TALIBAN
Stratfor Intelligence commented on 5 January 2006 that the increase in suicide bombings in Afghanistan during 2005 (a method not normally favoured by Pashtuns) and the use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs: a weapon not previously used in Afghanistan) indicated that Afghanistan was receiving an influx of foreign, predominantly Arab, jihadists.
According to Stratfor, deputy al Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri had said the jihad in Afghanistan should not be neglected for the benefit of the jihad in Iraq. Stratfor reports, "since summer [June/July] 2005, an increasing number of foreign fighters have been brought into Afghanistan from safe locations along the Pakistani border."
Not only is al Qaeda facilitating the entry of Arab jihadis into Afghanistan, but according to a report written by Syed Saleem Shahzad for Adnkronos International (AKI), the Taliban are sending Afghan jihadis to Iraq for training with al Qaeda affiliated groups.
According to AKI, at the end of 2003 Taliban leader and founder, Mullah Muhammed Omar, sent another Taliban leader, Mullah Mehmood Allah Haq Yar, to Iraq where he spent several months learning the techniques of urban guerrilla warfare. In 2004 Haq Yar started training groups within the Taliban to employ the techniques that have been successful in creating Allied casualties in Iraq. This resulted in fewer Taliban casualties and more Taliban success. Then from 2004 through 2005 around 500 Taliban fighters were sent to Iraq for training with the Islamic Army of Iraq as well as Ansar al-Sunna. Particular attention has been given to the latest techniques for use against the US-led forces' high-tech deterrence capabilities.
So the Taliban is launching its 2006 Spring offensive with new strength and confidence. They have been trained in guerrilla warfare, in strategy, and in how to build IEDs, lay mines, and spy on targets. According to AKI, "...up to 100 'death squads' are ready to launch targeted attacks in the Taliban's spring offence." (Link 5)
According to reports, the past month has seen a profound Taliban resurgence. During 2005 the Taliban staged 17 suicide attacks. There have 12 such attacks so far this year.
Following the strategy of terrorists in Iraq, the Taliban are targeting Afghan police. (Link 6)
Security for Christians in Afghanistan has always been difficult and tentative. But it is feared that 2006 could see the situation deteriorate markedly as the humiliating, infuriating apostasy debacle – coming as it does hot on the heels of the Guantanamo Bay Qur'an desecration myth riots of May 2005, and the recent Cartoon Intifada riots of February 2006 – ignites a passionate and defiant resurgence of political Islam in the presence of a resurgent Taliban.
Elizabeth Kendal
Links
1) A Community of Faith and Fear
By Matthias Gebauer in Kabul 30 March 2006
http://service.spiegel.de/cache/international/0,1518,408781,00.html
2) Convert must not flee country: Wolesi Jirga
KABUL, Mar 29 (Pajhwok Afghan News)
http://www.pajhwok.com/viewstory.asp?lng=eng&id=15737
3) Taliban condemns release of Christian convert, calls for jihad
AFP. Thursday, 30 March 2006
http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1021007
ALSO
Taliban condemn convert's release, urge people to strongly react.
30 March 2006, IRNA
http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-16/0603302142194635.htm
4) Convert case threatens Afghan reforms
by Rachel Morarjee in Kabul. 6 April 2006
http://news.ft.com/cms/s/4b2f1296-c4ff-11da-b7c1-0000779e2340.html
5) Taliban trained in Iraq ahead of Spring offensive.
Karachi 13 March 2006 (AKI) - by Syed Saleem Shahzad http://www.adnki.com/index_2Level_English.php?cat=Security&loid=8.0.275042512&par=0
6) Karzai puppet policemen were killed
Kavkaz Centre (Islamist) 4 April 2006
http://kavkazcenter.com/eng/content/2006/04/04/4570.shtml
ALSO
Nine cops killed in Taliban attack. 3 April 2006
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C04%5C03%5Cstory_3-4-2006_pg7_5